Place prime rib roast on a plate and bring to room temperature, 2 to 4 hours.
Preheat an oven to 500 degrees F (260 degrees C).
Combine butter, pepper, and herbes de Provence in a bowl; mix until well blended.
Spread butter mixture evenly over entire roast.
Season roast generously with kosher salt.
Roast the 4-pound roast in the preheated oven for 20 minutes. (If your roast is larger or smaller than 4 pounds, see footnote to calculate cooking time.)
Turn oven off and, leaving the roast in the oven with the door closed, let the roast sit in the oven for 2 hours.
Remove roast from the oven, slice, and serve.
