Cook the pasta in a large pot of well-salted boiling water according to package directions. Before draining the pasta, reserve about ¾ cup of the starchy pasta cooking water. Drain.
While you're waiting for the pasta water to boil and waiting for the pasta to cook, prepare the pesto sauce. Place the Parmesan, pine nuts, garlic, and salt in a food processor. Pulse to combine.
Add the basil to the food processor, and slowly drizzle in the olive oil while pulsing. Process until the sauce comes together in a uniform, creamy consistency, scraping down the sides occasionally and adding extra olive oil, if necessary.
Taste and season with additional salt and black pepper, if desired.
Place the hot cooked pasta in a large bowl. Gradually add the pesto sauce (you might not want all of it), about ¼ cup of the pasta water, and the butter (if using). Stir gently to combine, adding a little bit more pasta water, as necessary, until the sauce is silky and smooth. Taste and season with additional salt and pepper, if desired. Garnish with extra Parmesan cheese and serve.
