Combine chicken broth, turkey carcass, onion quarters, carrot halves, celery halves, and bay leaves in a slow cooker.
Cook on High for 4 hours. Carefully strain broth, discard solids, and transfer broth to a bowl. Rinse slow cooker.
Pour broth back into slow cooker; add chopped carrots, chopped celery, and chopped onion.
Cook on Low for 3 hours. Add penne pasta to slow cooker; cook for 2 ½ more hours.
Mix turkey meat and cream of mushroom soup into soup and cook for 30 more minutes.
