Heat oil in Dutch oven over medium-high heat until just smoking. Cook sausage, breaking up large pieces with wooden spoon, until well browned, about 5 minutes; transfer to bowl. Pour off all but 2 tablespoons fat from pot. Add onions, celery, and tomatoes to pot and cook over medium heat until vegetables are softened and lightly browned, 7 to 10 minutes.
Stir in sausage, reserved tomato juice, broth, and water and bring to boil. Add macaroni and cook, stirring often, until al dente. Stir in beans and cook until heated through, about 5 minutes. Stir parsley, season with salt and pepper to taste, and serve, passing Parmesan separately.