In a clay or wooden mortar, combine garlic and chiles and pound with wooden pestle until slightly broken down, about 30 seconds.
Add dried shrimp and 1 tablespoon (15g) peanuts and continue to pound until slightly broken down, about 30 seconds.
Add palm sugar and continue to pound lightly while also working the pestle in a circular motion, about 30 seconds.
Add long beans and pound until slightly broken down, 15 to 30 seconds.
Add tomatoes and pound gently just until the tomatoes release their juices, about 15 seconds.
Add lime juice and fish sauce and stir with pestle until well combined, about 15 seconds.
Add green papaya and pound down the sides of the mortar while using a spoon to move the ingredients back and forth until well combined, about 30 seconds.
Add remaining 1 tablespoon (15g) peanuts and pound gently just until they are slightly broken down.
Transfer salad to a serving plate, and serve immediately with sticky rice.
