Mix the Dough:
In a large mixing bowl, combine the flour, salt, yeast, Parmesan cheese, and rosemary. Add the warm water and mix with a spoon until a sticky dough forms.
Let it Rise:
Cover the bowl with plastic wrap and let the dough rise in a warm place for 8 to 18 hours, or until the surface is bubbly and the dough has doubled in size. (Longer rising time enhances the flavor.)
Preheat the Oven:
Preheat your oven to 450°F. Place a 2.75-quart Dutch oven (with the lid on) into the oven and heat it for 30 minutes.
Shape the Dough:
Lightly flour a sheet of parchment paper and your hands. Punch down the dough, then transfer it to the parchment. Shape it into a round loaf. Cover loosely with plastic wrap and let it rest for 30 minutes.
Prepare for Baking:
Remove the plastic wrap, drizzle olive oil over the top of the dough, and sprinkle with extra Parmesan and rosemary.
Bake the Bread:
Carefully remove the hot Dutch oven from the oven and transfer the dough, parchment paper and all, into it. Cover with the lid and bake for 45 minutes. Remove the lid and bake for an additional 10 to 15 minutes, or until the top is golden brown.
Cool and Serve:
Let the bread cool slightly before slicing and serving. Enjoy the warm, rustic flavors with your favorite meal!
