Preheat the oven to 425 degrees F (220 degrees C). Line a large, rimmed baking sheet with foil and coat lightly with cooking spray.
Toss sweet potatoes with 2 teaspoons oil, ¼ teaspoon salt, and ⅛ teaspoon pepper in medium bowl. Place on one half of the prepared baking sheet.
Bake in the preheated oven for 5 minutes.
While the potatoes are cooking, stir together Dijon, honey, and cayenne in a small bowl. Toss broccoli with remaining oil, salt, and pepper in a separate bowl.
Remove potatoes from the oven. Add salmon to the other half of the baking sheet. Place 2 teaspoons of the mustard mixture on each salmon filet; brush evenly to coat, then sprinkle evenly with bagel seasoning. Add broccoli to the sweet potatoes. Return to the oven and bake until salmon flakes easily with a fork and the veggies are golden, about 12 minutes.
Stir soy sauce into the remaining mustard mixture and drizzle over veggies.
