Whisk 3 finely chopped green onion white parts, 1 tablespoon white wine, 1 tablespoon soy sauce, and 1 teaspoon brown sugar together in a bowl. Add chicken pieces; toss to coat. Cover bowl; refrigerate for 1 hour.
Whisk rice wine vinegar, remaining 2 tablespoons white wine, 2 tablespoons brown sugar, garlic, white vinegar, remaining 1 tablespoon soy sauce, sambal chili paste, sesame oil, and ketchup together in a bowl; set aside.
Whisk water and cornstarch together in a separate small bowl; set aside.
Heat peanut oil in a heavy duty, nonstick skillet over high heat. Add chicken; cook and stir until chicken begins to brown, about 2 minutes.
Stir in zucchini, jalapeño, and bell pepper; cook 2 minutes. Add chicken broth; stir.
Stir in vinegar mixture; cook and stir until vegetables are tender and chicken is no longer pink in centers, about 2 minutes. Stir in cornstarch mixture until sauce is thickened, about 30 seconds; remove from heat.
Toss in peanuts; season with salt and black pepper. Stir in ¼ cup green onion tops. Serve over white rice.
