Pre-heat oven to 350 F (177 C).
Mix sugar and pumpkin pie spice in a small bowl.
In a medium bowl, add dry ingredients - wheat gluten, cornstarch, and baking powder - mix well. Add water and vinegar; I usually mix with my hands at this point. Don’t mix too much, just enough to get a dough-like texture.
Split dough into 12 - 16 pieces (depending on how large you’d like them - I went with 16).
Roll these into balls and toss them in the sugar mixture until they are well-coated.
Space out evenly on tray; no more than 6 - 8 on tray.
Bake for 25 - 27 minutes.
I have not used an air fryer for this recipe, so I’m not sure on the temperature and timing you’d need.
You will know they are done when you can poke them and not dent them; they should feel very tight and solid.
