Preheat oven to 400°.
In a 10-inch cast-iron skillet, heat olive oil over medium-high heat. Add ground beef; cook, stirring occasionally, until browned and crumbly, approximately 4 minutes. Add onion, garlic, and jalapeño. Cook, stirring occasionally, until softened, 5 to 6 minutes.
Stir in tomato, ketchup, vinegar, mustard, salt, chili powder, oregano, cumin, and red pepper. Bring to a boil; remove from heat. Sprinkle with 1 cup cheese.
In a medium bowl, stir together corn muffin mix, buttermilk, and egg. Pour batter over ground beef mixture. Top with remaining ½ cup cheese.
Bake until golden brown, 15 to 18 minutes.
