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Replace 6% of all-purpose flour with cornstarch to make pastry flour
Replace 12% of all-purpose flour with cornstarch to make cake flour
Add 1.5% baking powder and 0.5% salt to all-purpose flour to make self-rising flour
Add 2-3.5% vital gluten by weight to all-purpose flour to make bread flour
Always sift after substitutions to keep the mix even and lump-free
Vital gluten boosts elasticity and chew, essential for artisan loaves
Self-rising flour mixes best for pancakes, biscuits, and quick breads
Cornstarch lowers protein content, creating softer, tender cakes